Ana Sayfa › Genel › Yağış Ölçümleri
Adler, R.F., G.J. Huffman, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, P. Xie, J. Janowiak, B. Rudolf, U. Schneider, S. Curtis, D. Bolvin, A. Gruber, J. Susskind and P. Arkin, 2003: The version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–present). Journal of Hydrometeorology, Volume 4, pp. 1147–1167 (http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=1525-7541&volume=004&issue=06&page=1147).
Auer, A.H., Jr, 1972: Distribution of graupel and hail with size. Monthly Weather Review, Volume 100, pp. 325–328.
Auer, A.H., Jr, 1984: Hail recognition through the combined use of radar refl ectivity and cloud top temperature. Monthly Weather Review, Volume 122, pp. 2218–2221.
Blyth, K., 1993: The use of microwave remote sensing to improve spatial parametrization of hydrological models. Journal of Hydrology, Volume 152, pp.103–129.
Bringi, V.N. and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Principles and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
Carroll, T.R., 1990: Operational remote sensing of snow cover in the U.S. and Canada. Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, San Diego.
Chandrasekar, V., N. Bringi, N. Balakrishnan and D.S. Zrnic, 1990: Error structure of multi-parameter radar and surface measurements of rainfall. Part III: Specifi c differential phase. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Volume 7, pp. 621–629.
Chang, A.T.C., J.L. Foster and D.K. Hall, 1987: Nimbus- 7 derived global snow cover parameters. Annals of Glaciology, Volume 9, pp. 39–44.
Chang, A.T.C., J.L. Foster and D.K. Hall, 1990: Effect of vegetation cover on microwave snow water equivalent estimates. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Water Resources, Enschede, August 1990, International Association of Hydrogeologists and the Netherlands Society for Remote Sensing, pp. 137–145.
Collier, C.G., 1996: Applications of Weather Radar Systems: A Guide to Uses of Radar Data in Meteorology and Hydrology. Second edition, Wiley, Chichester.
Collier, C.G., 2002: Developments in radar and remotesensing methods for measuring and forecasting rainfall. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 360, No. 1796, pp. 1345–1361 (http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/ media/C5V8D08EKTCVQNF12LFT/Contributions/ N/W/F/X/NWFX6VAFBA51N373.pdf).
Davis, R.E. and J.C. Shi, 1993: Microwave measurements of snow cover: progress towards operational hydrology. In: EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Volume 74.
Dewey, K.F. and R. Heim, Jr, 1981: Satellite Observations of Variations in Northern Hemisphere Seasonal Snow Cover. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Report NESS 87, NOAA, Washington DC.
D’Souza, G., E.C. Barrett and C.H. Power, 1990: Satellite rainfall estimation techniques using visible and infrared imagery. Remote Sensing Reviews, Volume 4, No. 2, pp. 379–414.
Engman, E.T. and R.J. Gurney, 1991: Remote Sensing in Hydrology. Chapman and Hall, London.
European Commission, 2001: COST Action 75: Advanced Weather Radar Systems 1993–97 – Final Report. C.G. Collier (ed.), EUR 19546, Brussels.
Gebremichael, M., W.F. Krajewski, M. Morrissey, D. Langerud, G.J. Huffman and R. Adler, 2003: Error uncertainty analysis of GPCP monthly rainfall products: a data-based simulation study. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 42, pp. 1837–1848.
Germann, U. and J. Joss, 2003: The state of weather radar operations, networks and products. In: Weather Radar: Principles and Advanced Applications, P. Meischner (ed.), Springer, Berlin.
Goodison, B., A.E. Walker and F. Thirkettle, 1990: Determination of snow water equivalent on the Canadian prairies using near real-time passive microwave data. Proceedings of the Workshop on Application of Remote Sensing in Hydrology, National Hydrology Research Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, pp. 297–316.
Goodison, B. and A.E. Walker, 1993: Canadian development and use of snow cover information from passive microwave satellite data. In: Passive CHAPTER 3. PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT I.3-31 Microwave Remote Sensing of Land-Atmosphere Interactions, B.J. Choudhury, Y.H. Kerr, E.G. Njoku and P. Pampaloni (eds.), VSP BV, Utrecht, pp. 245–262.
Hall, D.K. and J. Martinec, 1985: Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow. Chapman and Hall, London.
Harrison, A.R. and R.M. Lucas, 1989: Multi-spectral classifi cation of snow using NOAA AVHRR imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 10, pp. 907–916.
Holt, A.R., J.W.F. Goddard, G.J.G. Upton, M.J. Willis, A.R. Rahimi, P.D. Baxter and C.G. Collier, 2000: Measurement of rainfall by dual-wavelength microwave attenuation. Electronic Letters, Volume 36, pp. 2099–2101.
Koistinen, J., D.B. Michelson, H. Hohti and M. Peura, 2003: Operational measurement of precipitation in cold climates. In: Weather Radar: Principles and Advanced Applications, Meischner P. (ed.), pp. 78–114. Springer, Berlin.
Kuittinen, R., 1989: Determination of snow equivalents by using NOAA satellite images, gamma ray spectrometry and fi eld measurements. Remote Sensing and Large-Scale Global Processes: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences Third Scientifi c Assembly, A. Rango (ed.), Baltimore, MD, May, 1989, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 186.
Lei, G., R.K. Moore and S.P. Gogineni, 1990: A method for measuring snow depth using fi ne-resolution radars. Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 30, pp. 151–158.
Lensky, I.M. and D. Rosenfeld, 1997: Estimation of precipitation area and rain intensity based on the microphysical properties retrieved from NOAA AVHRR data. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 36, pp. 234–242 (http://ams.allenpress. com/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1175 %2F1520-0450(1997)036%3C0234%3AEOPAAR%3E 2.0.CO%3B2).
Lucas, R.M. and A.R. Harrison, 1989: Snow detection and description using NOAA AVHRR imagery. Remote Sensing for Operational Applications: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing Society, University of Bristol, 13–15 September 1989, pp. 263–268.
Lucas, R.M. and A.R. Harrison, 1990: Snow observation by satellite: a review. Remote Sensing Reviews, Volume 4, No. 2, pp. 285–348.
Lucas, R.M., A.R. Harrison and E.C. Barrett, 1989: A multispectral snow area algorithm for operational 7-day snow cover monitoring. In: Remote Sensing and Large-Scale Global Processes: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences Third Scientifi c Assembly, A. Rango (ed.), Baltimore, MD, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 186, Wallingford, pp. 161–166.
Marshall, J.S. and W. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. Journal of Meteorology, Volume 5, pp. 165–166.
Martinec, J., 1987: Importance and effects of seasonal snow cover. Large Scale Effects of Seasonal Snow Cover: Proceedings of the Vancouver Symposium, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 166, pp. 107–120.
Matzler, C. and E. Schanda, 1984: Snow mapping with active microwave sensors. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 5, No. 2, pp. 409–422.
Meischner, P. (ed.), 2003: Weather Radar: Principles and Advanced Applications. Springer, Berlin.
Parsons, D.A., 1941: Calibration of a weather bureau tipping-bucket rain gauge. Monthly Weather Review, Volume 69, No. 7, p. 250 (http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/ rescue/mwr/069-07-0205a.pdf.
Rango, A., J. Martinec, J. Foster and D. Marks, 1985: Resolution in operational remote sensing of snow cover. Hydrological Applications of Remote Sensing and Remote Data Transmission: Proceedings of the Hamburg Symposium, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 145, pp. 371–382.
Rango, A., 1993: Snow hydrology processes and remote sensing. Hydrological Processes, Volume 7, pp. 121–138.
Rango, A., 1994: Application of remote sensing methods to hydrology and water resources. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Volume 39, No. 4, pp. 309–320.
Rosenfeld, D. and G. Gutman, 1994: Retrieving microphysical properties near the tops of potential rain clouds by multi-spectral analysis of AVHRR data. Journal of Atmospheric Research, Volume 34, pp. 259–283.
Rosenfeld, D. and C.G. Collier, 1999: Estimating surface precipitation. In: Global Energy and Water Cycles, K.A. Browning and R.J. Gurney (eds), Cambridge University Press, Chapter 4.1, pp. 124–133.
Rott, H., 1986: Prospects of microwave remote sensing for snow hydrology. Hydrologic Applications of Space Technology: Proceedings of the Cocoa Beach Workshop, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 160, pp. 215–233.
Ryzhkov, A.V. and D.S. Zrnic, 1995: Comparison of dual-polarization radar estimators of rain. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Volume 12, pp. 235–247.
Sachidananda, M. and D.S. Zrnic, 1987: Differential propagation phase shift and rainfall rate estimation. Radio Science, Volume 21, pp. 235–247.
Schultz, G.A. and E.C. Barrett, 1989: Advances in remote sensing for hydrology and water resources management. International Hydrological I.3-32 GUIDE TO HYDROLOGICAL PRACTICES Programme, UNESCO Technical Documents on Hydrology, HP-Ill Project 5.1, Paris.
Schultz, G.A. and E.T. Engman, 2000: Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Shcheglova, O.P. and V.Yu Chemov, 1982: Seasonal snow line within the Fergana Basin and possibilities for using it in hydrological forecasting. In: Izucheniye Gidrologicheskoga Tsikia Aerokomicheskimi Metodami, K.Ya Kondratyev and Yu.V. Kurilova (eds), Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Soviet Geophysical Committee, Moscow, pp. 36–41.
Shi, J.C. and J. Dozier, 1995: Inferring snow wetness using C-band data from SIR-C’s polarimetric synthetic aperture radar. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 33, No. 4, pp. 905–914 (http://www2.bren.ucsb.edu/~dozier/ Pubs/ShiDozierIEEE1995.pdf).
Srivastav, S.K. and R.P. Singh, 1991: Microwave radiometry of snow-covered terrains. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 12, pp. 2117–2131.
Stewart, E.J, 1993: Application of weather radar to hydrological design studies. In: Advances in Radar Hydrology: Proceedings of International Workshop, M.E. Almeida-Teixeira, R. Fantechi, R. Moore and V.M. Silva (eds), 11–13 November 1991, Lisbon, Commission for the European Commission, Report EUR 14334 EN, pp. 283–293.
Stiles, W.H., F.T. Ulaby and A. Rango, 1981: Microwave measurements of snowpack properties. Nordic Hydrology, Volume 12, pp. 143–166.
Testud, J., E. LeBouar, E. Obligis and M. Ali- Mehenni, 2000: The rain profiling algorithm applied to polarimetric weather radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Volume17, 332–356.
Ulbrich, C.W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, Volume 22, No. 10, pp. 1764–1775.
Ulriksen, P., 1985: Profi ler genom snötäcket registrerade i. mars 1983 med LTH:s: 900 Mhz impulsradarsystem. Vannet i Norden, Volume 4, pp. 47–70.
United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1978: World water balance and water resources of the Earth. Studies and Reports in Hydrology, No. 25, Paris.
Vignal, B., G. Galli, J. Joss and U. Germann, 2000: Three methods to determine profi les of refl ectivity from volumetric radar data to correct precipitation estimates. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 39, pp. 1715–1726.
World Meteorological Organization, 1963: The Infl uence of Weather Conditions on the Occurrence of Apple Scab. Appendix – Report on instruments recording the leaf wetness period. Technical Note No. 55, WMO-No. 140, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1982: Methods of Correction for Systematic Error in Point Precipitation Measurement for Operational Use (B. Sevruk). Operational Hydrology Report No. 21, WMONo. 589, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1983: Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. Sixth edition, Part I, Chapter 6, WMO-No. 8, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1992a: Snow Cover Measurements and Areal Assessment of Precipitation and Soil Moisture (B. Sevruk). Operational Hydrology Report No. 35, WMO-No. 749, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1992b: Remote Sensing for Hydrology: Progress and Prospects (R. Kuittinen). Operational Hydrology Report No. 36, WMO-No. 773, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1994: Applications of Remote Sensing by Satellite, Radar and Other Methods to Hydrology (A. Rango). Operational Hydrology Report No. 39, WMO-No. 804, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1998: Requirements and Applications of Weather Radar Data to Hydrology and Water Resources (R.J. Moore). Technical Reports in Hydrology and Water Resources No. 70, WMO/TD-No. 934, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 1999: Current Operational Applications of Remote Sensing in Hydrology (A. Rango and A.I. Shalaby). Operational Hydrology Report No. 43, WMO-No. 884, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, 2000: Precipitation Estimation and Forecasting (C.G. Collier). Operational Hydrology Report No. 46, WMONo. 887, Genev